КАУЧУКОНОСНЫЕ РАСТЕНИЯ. Каучуконосы растения
Каучуконосные растения - WikiVisually
1. Травянистые растения – Herbaceous plants are plants that have no persistent woody stem above ground. Herbaceous plants may be annuals, biennials or perennials, annual herbaceous plants die completely at the end of the growing season or when they have flowered and fruited, and they then grow again from seed. Herbaceous perennial and biennial plants may have stems that die at the end of the growing season, but parts of the plant survive under or close to the ground from season to season. New growth develops from living tissues remaining on or under the ground, including roots, examples of herbaceous biennials include carrot, parsnip and common ragwort, herbaceous perennials include potato, peony, hosta, mint, most ferns and most grasses. Some relatively fast-growing herbaceous plants are pioneers, or early-successional species, others form the main vegetation of many stable habitats, occurring for example in the ground layer of forests, or in naturally open habitats such as meadow, salt marsh or desert. Some herbaceous plants can grow large, such as the Musa genus. The age of some herbaceous plants can be determined by analyzing annual growth rings in the secondary root xylem
2. Дерево – In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, supporting branches and leaves in most species. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are usable as lumber or plants above a specified height. Trees are not a group but include a variety of plant species that have independently evolved a woody trunk. In looser senses, the palms, the tree ferns, bananas. Trees tend to be long-lived, some reaching several thousand years old, the tallest known tree, a coast redwood named Hyperion, stands 115.6 m high. Trees have been in existence for 370 million years and it is estimated that there are just over 3 trillion mature trees in the world. A tree typically has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground by the trunk and this trunk typically contains woody tissue for strength, and vascular tissue to carry materials from one part of the tree to another. For most trees it is surrounded by a layer of bark which serves as a protective barrier, below the ground, the roots branch and spread out widely, they serve to anchor the tree and extract moisture and nutrients from the soil. Above ground, the divide into smaller branches and shoots. The shoots typically bear leaves, which light energy and convert it into sugars by photosynthesis, providing the food for the trees growth. Flowers and fruit may also be present, but some trees, such as conifers, instead have pollen cones and seed cones, others, such as tree ferns, trees play a significant role in reducing erosion and moderating the climate. They remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store large quantities of carbon in their tissues, trees and forests provide a habitat for many species of animals and plants. Tropical rainforests are one of the most biodiverse habitats in the world, trees provide shade and shelter, timber for construction, fuel for cooking and heating, and fruit for food as well as having many other uses. In parts of the world, forests are shrinking as trees are cleared to increase the amount of available for agriculture. Because of their longevity and usefulness, trees have always revered, with sacred groves in various cultures. Although tree is a term of common parlance, there is no universally recognised precise definition of what a tree is, either botanically or in common language. In its broadest sense, a tree is any plant with the form of an elongated stem, or trunk. Trees are also defined by height, with smaller plants from 0.5 to 10 m being called shrubs
3. Лианы – Lianas are characteristic of tropical moist deciduous forests, but may be found in temperate rainforests. There are also temperate lianas, for example the members of the Clematis or Vitis genera, Lianas can form bridges amidst the forest canopy, providing arboreal animals with paths across the forest. These bridges can protect weaker trees from strong winds, Lianas compete with forest trees for sunlight, water and nutrients from the soil. The term liana is not a grouping, but rather a description of the way the plant grows – much like tree or shrub. Lianas may be found in different plant families. One way of distinguishing lianas from trees and shrubs is based on the stiffness, specifically, trees and shrubs have young twigs and smaller branches which are quite flexible and older growth such as trunks and large branches which are stiffer. A liana often has stiff young growths and older, more flexible growth at the base of the stem, described genera containing liana species include, Gnetophyta Gnetum spp. Thunbergia spp. e. g. T. grandiflora, T. mysorensis Ancistrocladaceae Ancistrocladus spp, strophanthus - several spp. including S. sarmentosus Arecaceae Calamoideae - rattans, several genera including, Calamus spp. - Faboideae Dalbergia armata, of subtropical Africa Derris spp, - Mimosoideae Acacia some spp. e. g. A. concinna Entada spp. Flagellariaceae Flagellaria indica Loganiaceae Strychnos spp. e. g. S. axillaris Oleaceae Jasminum spp, polygalaceae Moutabea, especially M. aculeata Sapindaceae Paullinia spp. Rutaceae Toddalia asiatica Schlegeliaceae Schlegelia spp, cissus spp. water vines Parthenocissus spp. Lianas also provide access routes in the forest canopy for many animals, including ants and many other invertebrates, lizards, rodents, sloths, monkeys. For example, in the Eastern tropical forests of Madagascar, many lemurs achieve higher mobility from the web of lianas draped amongst the tree species. Many lemurs prefer trees with lianas for their roost sites, Lianas also provide support for trees when strong winds blow. However, they may be destructive in that one tree falls. Lianas also make the canopy of trees more accessible to animals which eat leaves, because of these negative effects, trees which remain free of lianas are at an advantage, some species have evolved characteristics which help them avoid or shed lianas. Vines and Lianas by Rhett Butler, at http, //rainforests. mongabay. com/0406. htm Lianas
4. Гевея – Hevea is a genus of flowering plants in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It is also one of names used commercially for the wood of the most economically important rubber tree. There are about ten members of the genus Hevea which is native to tropical South America but widely cultivated in tropical countries. The genus was first described in 1775, Hevea was first described as a genus in 1775 by the French botanist and explorer Jean Baptiste Christophore Fusée Aublet. H. brasiliensis and H. guianensis are large trees, often reaching more than 30 m in height, most of the other members of the genus are small to medium trees, and H. camporum is a shrub of around 2 m. Trees in this genus are deciduous or evergreen. Certain species, namely H. benthamiana, H. brasiliensis and H. microphylla, bear winter shoots, stubby side shoots with short internodes, scale leaves on the stem, on these, the leaves are shed leaving the tree bare before new shoots develop. The remaining species bear more vigorous side shoots which develop before the old foliage is shed, the leaves consist of three, usually elliptical, leaflets which are held horizontally or slightly drooping in most species. The inflorescences have separate male and female flowers, with the females being at the end of the panicles, the fruits are capsules, usually with three seeds, which in all except two species split explosively when ripe to eject the large seeds. The genus occurs naturally in tropical South America, mostly in the Amazon basin and it is also present in the upper reaches of the Orinoco River. The genus extends westwards as far as the foothills of the Andes and its easterly limit is the Atlantic Ocean. The most widespread species is H. guianensis which occurs over the range of the genus. The Pará rubber tree occurs mainly south of the Amazon, as does H. camporum, bur the greatest diversity occurs to the north of the river, in the Rio Negro region, where all the other species occur. In this area there are variations in soil and topography and the rainforest experiences conditions of all-year-round humidity. The high humidity encourages the growth of fungal diseases. The Pará rubber tree has been introduced to and is naturalised in tropical countries in Asia. The following species are recognised, - Hevea benthamiana Müll. Arg, - Venezuela, SE Colombia, N Brazil Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg. - Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Colombia, N Brazil Hevea microphylla Ule - Venezuela, Colombia, - Colombia, Amazonas State in Brazil Hevea pauciflora Müll. Arg
5. Гевея бразильская – Hevea brasiliensis, the Pará rubber tree, sharinga tree, seringueira, or, most commonly, the rubber tree or rubber plant, is a tree belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. It is the most economically important member of the genus Hevea because the milky latex extracted from the tree is the source of natural rubber. H. brasiliensis is a deciduous tree growing to a height of up to 40 m in the wild. The trunk is cylindrical and may have a swollen, bottle-shaped base, the bark is some shade of brown, and the inner bark oozes latex when damaged. The leaves have three leaflets and are spirally arranged, the inflorescence include separate male and female flowers. The flowers are pungent, creamy-yellow and have no petals, the fruit is a capsule that contains three large seeds, it opens explosively when ripe. In the wild, the tree can reach a height of up to 100 feet, the white or yellow latex occurs in latex vessels in the bark, mostly outside the phloem. These vessels spiral up the tree in a helix which forms an angle of about 30 degrees with the horizontal. The tree requires a tropical or subtropical climate with a minimum of about 1,200 mm per year of rainfall, if frost does occur, the results can be disastrous for production. One frost can cause the rubber from a plantation to become brittle. Harvesters make incisions across the vessels, just deep enough to tap the vessels without harming the trees growth. This process is known as rubber tapping, latex production is highly variable from tree to tree and across clone types. As latex production declines with age, rubber trees are generally felled when they reach the age of 25 to 30 years, the earlier practice was to burn the trees, but in recent decades, the wood has been harvested for furniture making. The Pará rubber tree initially grew only in the Amazon rainforest, increasing demand and the discovery of the vulcanization procedure in 1839 led to the rubber boom in that region, enriching the cities of Belém and Manaus. The name of the tree derives from Pará, the second-largest Brazilian state and these trees were used to obtain rubber by the natives who inhabited its geographical distribution. The Olmec people of Mesoamerica extracted and produced similar forms of primitive rubber from analogous latex-producing trees such as Castilla elastica as early as 3,600 years ago, the rubber was used, among other things, to make the balls used in the Mesoamerican ballgame. Early attempts were made in 1873 to grow H. brasilensis outside Brazil, after some effort,12 seedlings were germinated at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. These were sent to India for cultivation, but died, a second attempt was then made, some 70,000 seeds being smuggled to Kew in 1875, by Henry Wickham, in the service of the British Empire
6. Кок-сагыз – T. kok-saghyz was discovered in Kazakhstan in 1932 by the Soviet Union in an effort to find a domestic source of rubber. Kok-saghyz is derived from the Kazakh kök-sağız, with kök meaning root or tuber, Taraxacum kok-saghyz is a perennial plant with a yellow composite flower characteristic of the Taraxacum genus. Each flower head may be one inch in diameter and be made up for 50 to 90 florets. Plants may contain 25 to 50 leaves arranged in one or more rosettes at the end of the root. Taraxacum kok-saghyz can be differentiated from the common dandelion by its smaller, grayish green leaves. Flowers are hermaphrodite, insect-pollinated and are on stalks that reach about a foot in height, Taraxacum kok-saghyz is usually in flower from May through June, with seeds ripening from June through July. It is a species that reproduces sexually, and produces good pollen. Another species, a triploid apomict that also has horned bracts and produces rubber, Taraxacum kok-saghyz does best in loose, well-drained soils with high moisture retention and a pH between 5.5 and 8.5. The species performs best in sun or nearly full sun. During this time period, the highest yields achieved by the U. S. were 110 kg of rubber per hectare, with the conclusion of World War II and the return of affordable Hevea brasiliensis rubber, the majority of T. kok-saghyz programs were discontinued. There has been a resurgence of attention on T. kok-saghyz due to reactions to Hevea rubber used in medical devices. One threat to Hevea brasiliensis rubber production is the South American Leaf Blight and this blight may spread to the Hevea brasiliensis trees in Southeast Asia, which are genetically very similar to each other and those of South America. Rising oil prices limit the viability of synthetic rubbers. Taraxacum kok-saghyz cultivars that are easier to cultivate and produce more, inulin produced by T. kok-saghyz is a sugar that could be used in non-food applications or be turned into bioethanol through fermentation. The remaining plant biomass could be used to produce biogas, moerschbacher, Bruno M. Fischer, Rainer, Muth, Jost, Prufer, Dirk. Polyphenoloxidase Silencing Affects Latex Coagulation in Taraxacum Species, krotkov, G. CHANGES IN THE CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM OF TARAXACUM KOK-SAGHYZ ROD DURING THE FIRST AND SECOND YEARS OF GROWTH
7. Фикус каучуконосный – It has become naturalized in Sri Lanka, the West Indies, and the US State of Florida. It is a tree in the banyan group of figs, growing to 30–40 metres tall. The trunk develops aerial and buttressing roots to anchor it in the soil and it has broad shiny oval leaves 10–35 centimetres long and 5–15 centimetres broad, leaf size is largest on young plants, much smaller on old trees. The leaves develop inside a sheath at the meristem, which grows larger as the new leaf develops. When it is mature, it unfurls and the sheath drops off the plant, inside the new leaf, another immature leaf is waiting to develop. As with other members of the genus Ficus, the flowers require a particular species of fig wasp to pollinate it in a co-evolved relationship, because of this relationship, the rubber plant does not produce highly colourful or fragrant flowers to attract other pollinators. The fruit is a small yellow-green oval fig 1 centimetre long, barely edible, in parts of India, people guide the roots of the tree over chasms to eventually form living bridges. Ficus elastica is grown around the world as a plant, outside in frost-free climates from the tropical to the Mediterranean. Although it is grown in Hawaii, the species of fig wasp required to allow it to spread naturally is not present there, in cultivation, it prefers bright sunlight but not hot temperatures. It has a tolerance for drought, but prefers humidity and thrives in wet. Ornamental hybrids have been derived from Ficus elastica with broader, stiffer, many such hybrids exist, often with variegated leaves. Ficus elastica yields a milky latex, a chemical compound separate from its sap. This latex was used to make rubber, but it should not be confused with the Pará rubber tree. Just as with Hevea brasiliensis, the latex of Ficus elastica is an irritant to the eyes and skin and is toxic if taken internally
8. Хондрилла – Chondrilla is a genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae. They are native to Eurasia, and certain taxa are known as introduced species outside their native range, the best known of these is rush skeletonweed, a noxious weed established in Africa, Australia, and the Americas. Chondrilla species produce one or more stems up to 1.5 meters tall from a taproot which can be very deep, the basal and lower stem leaves are divided and toothed, and are borne on winged petioles. The upper leaf blades are smaller and simple, the cylindrical flower heads are often solitary but may grow in clusters, and are located along the branches and at the ends. They contain several yellow florets that soon wither, the fruit is a cylindrical, beaked, ribbed cypsela with a pappus of many white bristles. This genus is related to the dandelions of genus Taraxacum. Plants of both genera undergo apomixis, producing seeds via asexual reproduction
9. Гуттаперча – Gutta-percha refers to trees of the genus Palaquium and the rigid natural latex produced from the sap of these trees, particularly from Palaquium gutta but also Isonandra gutta and Dichopsis gutta. The word gutta-percha comes from the name in Malay, getah perca. Scientifically classified in 1843, it was found to be a useful natural thermoplastic, in 1851,30,000 long cwt of gutta-percha was imported into Britain. During the second half of the 19th century, gutta-percha was used for domestic and industrial purposes. In particular, it was needed as insulation for underwater telegraph cables, which, according to author John Tully, led to unsustainable harvesting, the first European to discover this material was John Tradescant, who collected it in the far east in 1656. He named this material “Mazer wood”, dr. William Montgomerie, a medical officer in Indian service, introduced gutta-percha into practical use in the West. He was the first to appreciate the potential of material in medicine. Palaquium gutta trees are 5–30 m tall and up to 1 m in trunk diameter, the leaves are evergreen, alternate or spirally arranged, simple, entire, 8–25 cm long, glossy green above, and often yellow or glaucous below. The flowers are produced in clusters along the stems, each flower with a white corolla with four to seven acute lobes. The fruit is an ovoid 3– to 7-cm berry, containing one to four seeds, in many species, in Australia, gutta-percha is a common name specifically used for the tree Excoecaria parvifolia, which yields an aromatic, heavy, dark-brown timber. It is also called northern birch and this particular species is not related to the Palaquium genus. Chemically, gutta-percha is a polyterpene, a polymer of isoprene, or polyisoprene, the cis structure of polyisoprene is the common latex elastomer. While latex rubbers are amorphous in structure, gutta-percha crystallizes. The same bioinertness that made it suitable for marine cables also means it does not readily react within the human body and it is used in a variety of surgical devices and during root canal therapy. It is the predominant material used to obturate, or fill the empty space inside the root of a tooth after it has undergone endodontic therapy, Gutta-percha allows more bacterial leakage with endodontic surgery as compared to Resilon. Gutta-percha latex is biologically inert, resilient, and is an electrical insulator with a high dielectric strength. The wood of many species is also valuable, western inventors discovered the properties of gutta-percha latex in 1842, although the people of its Malayan habitat had used it for many applications for centuries. By 1845, telegraph wires insulated with gutta-percha were being manufactured in the UK and it served as the insulating material for early undersea telegraph cables, including the first transatlantic telegraph cable
10. Бересклет – Euonymus /juːˈɒnɪməs/, often called spindle or spindle tree, is a genus of flowering plants in the staff vine family, Celastraceae. It comprises about 130 species of deciduous and evergreen shrubs and small trees and they are mostly native to East Asia, extending to the Himalayas, and they are also distributed in Europe, Australasia, North America, and Madagascar. 50 species are endemic to China, the flowers occur in small groups, inconspicuous and of green or yellow shades. The leaves are opposite and simple ovoid, typically 2–15 cm long, the fruit is a pink-red four- or five-valved pod-like berry, which splits open to reveal the fleshy-coated orange seeds. The seeds are eaten by birds, which digest the fleshy seed coat. Many species are used for use, and parts of the plants can be poisonous to humans. The wood of some species was used for the making of spindles for spinning wool. Spindles are popular garden shrubs, grown for their foliage, the species often exhibiting very bright red autumnal colours
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Каучуконосные растения - Большая советская энциклопедия
Каучук натуральный, полимер растительного происхождения, вулканизацией которого получают резину. К. н. относится к группе эластомеров - высокомолекулярных соединений, обладающих способностью к большим…
Гевея, хевея (Hevea), род вечнозелёных однодомных деревьев семейства молочайных. Около 12 видов, в лесах тропической Америки. Г. бразильская (Н. bra-siliensis) - основной источник натурального каучука…
Фикус (Ficus), род растений семейства тутовых. Вечнозелёные (редко листопадные) деревья и кустарники, иногда - стелющиеся или лазящие при помощи придаточных корней лианы. Деревья высотой до 40 м и…
Ландольфия (Landolphia), род растений семейства кутровых. Крупные лианы с толстыми стволами, иногда кустарники или травянистые растения. Листья супротивные, цветки 5-членные, часто с приятным запахом…
Тау-сагыз (Scorzonera tau-saghyz), растение из рода козелец семейства сложноцветных. Полукустарник высотой до 40 см, образующий полусферические дерновины. Листья от узколинейных до нитевидных, нижние…
Кок-сагыз, коксагыз (Taraxacum kok-saghyz), многолетнее травянистое растение семейства сложноцветных. К.-с. имеет стержневой корень, розетку листьев и цветочные стрелки с соцветиями - корзинками…
Гваюла, гвайюла, гуаюла, гуаюле (Parthenium argentatum), каучуконосное растение семейства сложноцветных. Произрастает в пустынях сев. части Мексиканского нагорья, поднимаясь до 2000 м над уровнем моря…
Каучуконосные растения, растения, образующие и содержащие в некоторых своих частях каучук натуральный.В зависимости от того, в каких тканях он накапливается, К. р. делят на латексные (каучук содержится в млечном соке — латексе), паренхимные (в паренхиме осевых органов — стеблей, корней), хлоренхимные (в зелёных тканях молодых побегов и листьях). Промышленное значение имеют латексные деревья, которые не только накапливают каучук в сравнительно большом количестве, но и легко его отдают; из них наиважнейшее — гевея бразильская, дающая 95% мирового производства натурального каучука; остальные 5% получают от др. тропических латексных деревьев из родов сапиум и маниок семейства молочайных, а также родов фикус и кастилла семейства тутовых, рода ландольфия семейства кутровых и др. Травянистые латексные К. р. из семейства сложноцветных (тау-сагыз, кок-сагыз, крым-сагыз и др.), произрастающие в умеренной зоне, в том числе в СССР, содержат каучук в небольшом количестве в корнях; не культивируются, т.к. не имеют промышленного значения. К паренхимным К. р. относится мексиканское растение гваюла семейства сложноцветных. Хлоренхимные К. р. (например, ряд видов из родов крестовник, василёк) промышленностью не используются.
Лит.: Ильин М. М. и Якимов П. А., Каучуконосы и гуттаперченосы СССР, в кн.: Растительное сырье СССР, т. 1, М. — Л., 1950, с. 61—142; Жуковский П. М., Культурные растения и их сородичи, 2 изд., Л., 1964; Синягин И. И., Тропическое земледелие, М., 1968; Franke G., Nutzpflanzen der Tropen und Subtropen, Bd 1, Lpz., 1967.
В. Н. Вехов.
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КАУЧУКОНОСНЫЕ РАСТЕНИЯ - это... Что такое КАУЧУКОНОСНЫЕ РАСТЕНИЯ?
• Ильин М. М., Я к и м о в П. А., Каучуконосы и гуттаперченосы СССР, в кн.: Растительное сырье СССР, т. 1, М.— Л., 1950; Синягин И. И., Тропическое земледелие, М., 1968.
Сельско-хозяйственный энциклопедический словарь. — М.: Советская энциклопедия. Главный редактор: В. К. Месяц. 1989.
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Смотреть что такое "КАУЧУКОНОСНЫЕ РАСТЕНИЯ" в других словарях:
КАУЧУКОНОСНЫЕ РАСТЕНИЯ — 5 КАУЧУКОНОСНЫЕ РАСТЕНИЯ англ. RUBBERPLANTS нем. KAUTSCHUKPFLANZEN франц. PLANTES A CAOUTCHOUC … Фитопатологический словарь-справочник
Каучуконосные растения — растения, образующие и содержащие в некоторых своих частях Каучук натуральный. В зависимости от того, в каких тканях он накапливается, К. р. делят на латексные (каучук содержится в млечном соке латексе), паренхимные (в паренхиме осевых… … Большая советская энциклопедия
каучуконосные растения — каучуконосные растения, каучуконосы, растения, образующие и содержащие в некоторых своих частях каучук. Большинство К. р. деревья, произрастающие в тропиках. Промышленное значение имеют растения, накапливающие в своём млечном соке… … Энциклопедический справочник «Латинская Америка»
каучуконосные растения — каучуконосные растения, накапливают в тканях каучук натуральный. К К. р. относится около 1500 видов, но только немногие из них пригодны для промышленного получения каучука. Подразделяются на латексные (каучук содержится в млечном соке … … Сельское хозяйство. Большой энциклопедический словарь
КАУЧУК НАТУРАЛЬНЫЙ — эластичный материал, получаемый коагуляцией млечного сока (латекса) каучуконосных растений. Осн. компонент К. н. углеводород полиизопрен (91 96% ). В зависимости от того, в каких тканях накапливается К. н., каучуконосные растения делят на… … Биологический энциклопедический словарь
Подсемейство молочайные (Euphorbioideae) — Подсемейство молочайные самое большое в семействе. В нем насчитывают более 200 родов, распределяемых в 10 12 триб. Одним из наиболее известных представителей этого подсемейства является большой (до 750 видов) род кротон (Croton),… … Биологическая энциклопедия
СССР. Растительные ресурсы — Растительные ресурсы составляют часть природных богатств СССР. Это его флора и разнообразная равнинная и горная (зональная и интразональная) растительность. Велика роль пищевых и кормовых растений, они служат сырьём для промышленности и… … Большая советская энциклопедия
Технические культуры — возделываемые растения, которые используют как сырьё для различных отраслей промышленности. В зависимости от получения из них того или иного продукта подразделяются на несколько групп. Крахмалоносные культуры содержат Крахмал в клубнях… … Большая советская энциклопедия
ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ КУЛЬТУРЫ — возделываемые растения, к рые дают сырьё для разл. отраслей пром сти. В зависимости от получения из них того или иного основного продукта подразделяются на масличные культуры, прядильные культуры, эфирномасличные культуры, крахмалоносные культуры … Сельско-хозяйственный энциклопедический словарь
технические культуры — технические культуры, возделываемые растения, которые дают сырьё для различных отраслей промышленности. В зависимости от получения из них того или иного основного продукта подразделяются на масличные культуры, прядильные культуры, эфирномасличные … Сельское хозяйство. Большой энциклопедический словарь
agricultural_dictionary.academic.ru
Каучуковые растения Википедия
Каучуконосные растения, каучуконосы — растения, из которых возможно получение натурального каучука.
Среди каучуконосов есть как травянистые растения, так и деревья и лианы, в обыденной речи именуемые каучуковыми деревьями. Сегодня основным источником натурального каучука являются деревья рода Гевея, в частности Гевея бразильская (Hevea brasiliensis). Гевея бразильская культивируется ради получения каучука в тропических районах Южной Америки и Юго-Восточной Азии.
Другие каучуконосы:
- Taraxacum kok-saghyz — Кок-сагыз
- Scorzonera tau-saghyz — Тау-сагыз
- Taraxacum hybernum — Крым-сагыз, или Одуванчик осенний
- Castilloa elastica и Castilloa ulei
- Manihot glaziovii
- Ficus elastica — Фикус каучуконосный, или Фикус эластичный
- Funtumia elastica
- Landolphia — Ландольфия
- Chondrilla — Хондрилла
Условно к каучуконосам могут относить растения, содержащие гуттаперчу — изомер натурального каучука. Таковым является, например, Euonymus — Бересклет.
Литература
- Каучуконосные растения // Большая советская энциклопедия : [в 30 т.] / гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров. — 3-е изд. — М. : Советская энциклопедия, 1969—1978.
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